第 29 节
作者:瞎说呗      更新:2024-01-24 16:00      字数:9322
  an scarcely be too sparing of it; and yet it is a trick that  seems to grow upon the author with years。  It is a pity to  see fine verses; such as some in 'Demos;' absolutely spoiled  by the recurrence of one wearisome consonant。
  CRITICISMS CHAPTER II … SALVINI'S MACBETH
  SALVINI closed his short visit to Edinburgh by a performance  of MACBETH。  It was; perhaps; from a sentiment of local  colour that he chose to play the Scottish usurper for the  first time before Scotsmen; and the audience were not  insensible of the privilege。  Few things; indeed; can move a  stronger interest than to see a great creation taking shape  for the first time。  If it is not purely artistic; the  sentiment is surely human。  And the thought that you are  before all the world; and have the start of so many others as  eager as yourself; at least keeps you in a more unbearable  suspense before the curtain rises; if it does not enhance the  delight with which you follow the performance and see the  actor 'bend up each corporal agent' to realise a masterpiece  of a few hours' duration。  With a player so variable as  Salvini; who trusts to the feelings of the moment for so much  detail; and who; night after night; does the same thing  differently but always well; it can never be safe to pass  judgment after a single hearing。  And this is more  particularly true of last week's MACBETH; for the whole third  act was marred by a grievously humorous misadventure。   Several minutes too soon the ghost of Banquo joined the  party; and after having sat helpless a while at a table; was  ignominiously withdrawn。  Twice was this ghostly Jack…in…the… box obtruded on the stage before his time; twice removed  again; and yet he showed so little hurry when he was really  wanted; that; after an awkward pause; Macbeth had to begin  his apostrophe to empty air。  The arrival of the belated  spectre in the middle; with a jerk that made him nod all  over; was the last accident in the chapter; and worthily  topped the whole。  It may be imagined how lamely matters went  throughout these cross purposes。
  In spite of this; and some other hitches; Salvini's Macbeth  had an emphatic success。  The creation is worthy of a place  beside the same artist's Othello and Hamlet。  It is the  simplest and most unsympathetic of the three; but the absence  of the finer lineaments of Hamlet is redeemed by gusto;  breadth; and a headlong unity。  Salvini sees nothing great in  Macbeth beyond the royalty of muscle; and that courage which  comes of strong and copious circulation。  The moral smallness  of the man is insisted on from the first; in the shudder of  uncontrollable jealousy with which he sees Duncan embracing  Banquo。  He may have some northern poetry of speech; but he  has not much logical understanding。  In his dealings with the  supernatural powers he is like a savage with his fetich;  trusting them beyond bounds while all goes well; and whenever  he is crossed; casting his belief aside and calling 'fate  into the list。'  For his wife; he is little more than an  agent; a frame of bone and sinew for her fiery spirit to  command。  The nature of his feeling towards her is rendered  with a most precise and delicate touch。  He always yields to  the woman's fascination; and yet his caresses (and we know  how much meaning Salvini can give to a caress) are singularly  hard and unloving。  Sometimes he lays his hand on her as he  might take hold of any one who happened to be nearest to him  at a moment of excitement。  Love has fallen out of this  marriage by the way; and left a curious friendship。  Only  once … at the very moment when she is showing herself so  little a woman and so much a high…spirited man … only once is  he very deeply stirred towards her; and that finds expression  in the strange and horrible transport of admiration; doubly  strange and horrible on Salvini's lips … 'Bring forth men… children only!'
  The murder scene; as was to be expected; pleased the audience  best。  Macbeth's voice; in the talk with his wife; was a  thing not to be forgotten; and when he spoke of his hangman's  hands he seemed to have blood in his utterance。  Never for a  moment; even in the very article of the murder; does he  possess his own soul。  He is a man on wires。  From first to  last it is an exhibition of hideous cowardice。  For; after  all; it is not here; but in broad daylight; with the  exhilaration of conflict; where he can assure himself at  every blow he has the longest sword and the heaviest hand;  that this man's physical bravery can keep him up; he is an  unwieldy ship; and needs plenty of way on before he will  steer。
  In the banquet scene; while the first murderer gives account  of what he has done; there comes a flash of truculent joy at  the 'twenty trenched gashes' on Banquo's head。  Thus Macbeth  makes welcome to his imagination those very details of  physical horror which are so soon to turn sour in him。  As he  runs out to embrace these cruel circumstances; as he seeks to  realise to his mind's eye the reassuring spectacle of his  dead enemy; he is dressing out the phantom to terrify  himself; and his imagination; playing the part of justice; is  to 'commend to his own lips the ingredients of his poisoned  chalice。'  With the recollection of Hamlet and his father's  spirit still fresh upon him; and the holy awe with which that  good man encountered things not dreamt of in his philosophy;  it was not possible to avoid looking for resemblances between  the two apparitions and the two men haunted。  But there are  none to be found。  Macbeth has a purely physical dislike for  Banquo's spirit and the 'twenty trenched gashes。'  He is  afraid of he knows not what。  He is abject; and again  blustering。  In the end he so far forgets himself; his  terror; and the nature of what is before him; that he rushes  upon it as he would upon a man。  When his wife tells him he  needs repose; there is something really childish in the way  he looks about the room; and; seeing nothing; with an  expression of almost sensual relief; plucks up heart enough  to go to bed。  And what is the upshot of the visitation?  It  is written in Shakespeare; but should be read with the  commentary of Salvini's voice and expression:… 'O! SIAM NELL'  OPRA ANCOR FANCIULLI' …  'We are yet but young in deed。'   Circle below circle。  He is looking with horrible  satisfaction into the mouth of hell。  There may still be a  prick to…day; but to…morrow conscience will be dead; and he  may move untroubled in this element of blood。
  In the fifth act we see this lowest circle reached; and it is  Salvini's finest moment throughout the play。  From the first  he was admirably made up; and looked Macbeth to the full as  perfectly as ever he looked Othello。  From the first moment  he steps upon the stage you can see this character is a  creation to the fullest meaning of the phrase; for the man  before you is a type you know well already。  He arrives with  Banquo on the heath; fair and red…bearded; sparing of  gesture; full of pride and the sense of animal wellbeing; and  satisfied after the battle like a beast who has eaten his  fill。  But in the fifth act there is a change。  This is still  the big; burly; fleshly; handsome…looking Thane; here is  still the same face which in the earlier acts could be  superficially good…humoured and sometimes royally courteous。   But now the atmosphere of blood; which pervades the whole  tragedy; has entered into the man and subdued him to its own  nature; and an indescribable degradation; a slackness and  puffiness; has overtaken his features。  He has breathed the  air of carnage; and supped full of horrors。  Lady Macbeth  complains of the smell of blood on her hand: Macbeth makes no  complaint … he has ceased to notice it now; but the same  smell is in his nostrils。  A contained fury and disgust  possesses him。  He taunts the messenger and the doctor as  people would taunt their mortal enemies。  And; indeed; as he  knows right well; every one is his enemy now; except his  wife。  About her he questions the doctor with something like  a last human anxiety; and; in tones of grisly mystery; asks  him if he can 'minister to a mind diseased。'  When the news  of her death is brought him; he is staggered and falls into a  seat; but somehow it is not anything we can call grief that  he displays。  There had been two of them against God and man;  and now; when there is only one; it makes perhaps less  difference than he had expected。  And so her death is not  only an affliction; but one more disillusion; and he  redoubles in bitterness。  The speech that follows; given with  tragic cynicism in every word; is a dirge; not so much for  her as for himself。  From that time forth there is nothing  human left in him; only 'the fiend of Scotland;' Macduff's  'hell…hound;' whom; with a stern glee; we see baited like a  bear and hunted down like a wolf。  He is inspired and set  above fate by a demoniacal energy; a lust of wounds and  slaughter。  Even after he meets Macduff his courage does not  fail; but when he hears the Thane was not born of woman; all  virtue goes out of him; and though he speaks sounding words  of defiance; the last combat is little better than a suicide。
  The whole performance is; as I s