ntment；　and　hence　he　cares　not　to　keep　more；　and　　shares　his　sovereign　or　his　shilling　with　a　friend。　　The　　poor；　if　they　are　generous；　are　Bohemian　in　virtue　of　their　　birth。　　Do　you　know　where　beggars　go？　　Not　to　the　great　　houses　where　people　sit　dazed　among　their　thousands；　but　to　　the　doors　of　poor　men　who　have　seen　the　world；　and　it　was　the　　widow　who　had　only　two　mites；　who　cast　half　her　fortune　into　　the　treasury。
  But　a　young　man　who　elects　to　save　on　dress　or　on　lodging；　or　　who　in　any　way　falls　out　of　the　level　of　expenditure　which　is　　common　to　his　level　in　society；　falls　out　of　society　　altogether。　　I　suppose　the　young　man　to　have　chosen　his　　career　on　honourable　principles；　he　finds　his　talents　and　　instincts　can　be　best　contented　in　a　certain　pursuit；　in　a　　certain　industry；　he　is　sure　that　he　is　serving　mankind　with　　a　healthy　and　becoming　service；　and　he　is　not　sure　that　he　　would　be　doing　so；　or　doing　so　equally　well；　in　any　other　　industry　within　his　reach。　　Then　that　is　his　true　sphere　in　　life；　not　the　one　in　which　he　was　born　to　his　father；　but　the　　one　which　is　proper　to　his　talents　and　instincts。　　And　　suppose　he　does　fall　out　of　society；　is　that　a　cause　of　　sorrow？　　Is　your　heart　so　dead　that　you　prefer　the　　recognition　of　many　to　the　love　of　a　few？　　Do　you　think　　society　loves　you？　　Put　it　to　the　proof。　　Decline　in　material　　expenditure；　and　you　will　find　they　care　no　more　for　you　than　　for　the　Khan　of　Tartary。　　You　will　lose　no　friends。　　If　you　　had　any；　you　will　keep　them。　　Only　those　who　were　friends　to　　your　coat　and　equipage　will　disappear；　the　smiling　faces　will　　disappear　as　by　enchantment；　but　the　kind　hearts　will　remain　　steadfastly　kind。　　Are　you　so　lost；　are　you　so　dead；　are　you　　so　little　sure　of　your　own　soul　and　your　own　footing　upon　　solid　fact；　that　you　prefer　before　goodness　and　happiness　the　　countenance　of　sundry　diners…out；　who　will　flee　from　you　at　a　　report　of　ruin；　who　will　drop　you　with　insult　at　a　shadow　of　　disgrace；　who　do　not　know　you　and　do　not　care　to　know　you　but　　by　sight；　and　whom　you　in　your　turn　neither　know　nor　care　to　　know　in　a　more　human　manner？　　Is　it　not　the　principle　of　　society；　openly　avowed；　that　friendship　must　not　interfere　　with　business；　which　being　paraphrased；　means　simply　that　a　　consideration　of　money　goes　before　any　consideration　of　　affection　known　to　this　cold…blooded　gang；　that　they　have　not　　even　the　honour　of　thieves；　and　will　rook　their　nearest　and　　dearest　as　readily　as　a　stranger？　　I　hope　I　would　go　as　far　　as　most　to　serve　a　friend；　but　I　declare　openly　I　would　not　　put　on　my　hat　to　do　a　pleasure　to　society。　　I　may　starve　my　　appetites　and　control　my　temper　for　the　sake　of　those　I　love；　　but　society　shall　take　me　as　I　choose　to　be；　or　go　without　　me。　　Neither　they　nor　I　will　lose；　for　where　there　is　no　　love；　it　is　both　laborious　and　unprofitable　to　associate。
  But　it　is　obvious　that　if　it　is　only　right　for　a　man　to　spend　　money　on　that　which　he　can　truly　and　thoroughly　enjoy；　the　　doctrine　applies　with　equal　force　to　the　rich　and　to　the　　poor；　to　the　man　who　has　amassed　many　thousands　as　well　as　to　　the　youth　precariously　beginning　life。　　And　it　may　be　asked；　　Is　not　this　merely　preparing　misers；　who　are　not　the　best　of　　company？　　But　the　principle　was　this：　that　which　a　man　has　　not　fairly　earned；　and；　further；　that　which　he　cannot　fully　　enjoy；　does　not　belong　to　him；　but　is　a　part　of　mankind's　　treasure　which　he　holds　as　steward　on　parole。　　To　mankind；　　then；　it　must　be　made　profitable；　and　how　this　should　be　done　　is；　once　more；　a　problem　which　each　man　must　solve　for　　himself；　and　about　which　none　has　a　right　to　judge　him。　　Yet　　there　are　a　few　considerations　which　are　very　obvious　and　may　　here　be　stated。　　Mankind　is　not　only　the　whole　in　general；　　but　every　one　in　particular。　　Every　man　or　woman　is　one　of　　mankind's　dear　possessions；　to　his　or　her　just　brain；　and　　kind　heart；　and　active　hands；　mankind　intrusts　some　of　its　　hopes　for　the　future；　he　or　she　is　a　possible　well…spring　of　　good　acts　and　source　of　blessings　to　the　race。　　This　money　　which　you　do　not　need；　which；　in　a　rigid　sense；　you　do　not　　want；　may　therefore　be　returned　not　only　in　public　　benefactions　to　the　race；　but　in　private　kindnesses。　　Your　　wife；　your　children；　your　friends　stand　nearest　to　you；　and　　should　be　helped　the　first。　　There　at　least　there　can　be　　little　imposture；　for　you　know　their　necessities　of　your　own　　knowledge。　　And　consider；　if　all　the　world　did　as　you　did；　　and　according　to　their　means　extended　help　in　the　circle　of　　their　affections；　there　would　be　no　more　crying　want　in　times　　of　plenty　and　no　more　cold；　mechanical　charity　given　with　a　　doubt　and　received　with　confusion。　　Would　not　this　simple　　rule　make　a　new　world　out　of　the　old　and　cruel　one　which　we　　inhabit？
  ＇After　two　more　sentences　the　fragment　breaks　off。＇
  FATHER　DAMIEN　AN　OPEN　LETTER　TO　THE　REVEREND　DR。　HYDE　OF　HONOLULU
  SYDNEY；　FEBRUARY　25；　1890。
  SIR；　…　It　may　probably　occur　to　you　that　we　have　met；　and　　visited；　and　conversed；　on　my　side；　with　interest。　　You　may　　remember　that　you　have　done　me　several　courtesies；　for　which　　I　was　prepared　to　be　grateful。　　But　there　are　duties　which　　come　before　gratitude；　and　offences　which　justly　divide　　friends；　far　more　acquaintances。　　Your　letter　to　the　Reverend　　H。　B。　Gage　is　a　document　which；　in　my　sight；　if　you　had　　filled　me　with　bread　when　I　was　starving；　if　you　had　sat　up　　to　nurse　my　father　when　he　lay　a…dying；　would　yet　absolve　me　　from　the　bonds　of　gratitude。　　You　know　enough；　doubtless；　of　　the　process　of　canonisation　to　be　aware　that；　a　hundred　years　　after　the　death　of　Damien；　there　will　appear　a　man　charged　　with　the　painful　office　of　the　DEVIL'S　ADVOCATE。　　After　that　　noble　brother　of　mine；　and　of　all　frail　clay；　shall　have　lain　　a　century　at　rest；　one　shall　accuse；　one　defend　him。　　The　　circumstance　is　unusual　that　the　devil's　advocate　should　be　a　　volunteer；　should　be　a　member　of　a　sect　immediately　rival；　　and　should　make　haste　to　take　upon　himself　his　ugly　office　　ere　the　bones　are　cold；　unusual；　and　of　a　taste　which　I　shall　　leave　my　readers　free　to　qualify；　unusual；　and　to　me　　inspiring。　　If　I　have　at　all　learned　the　trade　of　using　words　　to　convey　truth　and　to　arouse　emotion；　you　have　at　last　　furnished　me　with　a　subject。　　For　it　is　in　the　interest　of　　all　mankind；　and　the　cause　of　public　decency　in　every　quarter　　of　the　world；　not　only　that　Damien　should　be　righted；　but　　that　you　and　your　letter　should　be　displayed　at　length；　in　　their　true　colours；　to　the　public　eye。
  To　do　this　properly；　I　must　begin　by　quoting　you　at　large：　I　　shall　then　proceed　to　criticise　your　utterance　from　several　　points　of　view；　divine　and　human；　in　the　course　of　which　I　　shall　attempt　to　draw　again；　and　with　more　specification；　the　　character　of　the　dead　saint　whom　it　has　pleased　you　to　　vilify：　so　much　being　done；　I　shall　say　farewell　to　you　for　　ever。
  'HONOLULU；　'AUGUST　2；　1889。
  'Rev。　H。　B。　GAGE。
  'DEAR　BROTHER；　…　In　answer　to　your　inquiries　about　Father　　Damien；　I　can　only　reply　that　we　who　knew　the　man　are　　surprised　at　the　extravagant　newspaper　laudations；　as　if　he　　was　a　most　saintly　philanthropist。　　The　simple　truth　is；　he　　was　a　coarse；　dirty　man；　head…strong　and　bigoted。　　He　was　not　　sent　to　Molokai；　but　went　there　without　orders；　did　not　stay　　at　the　leper　settlement　（before　he　became　one　himself）；　but　　circulated　freely　over　the　whole　island　（less　than　half　the　　island　is　devoted　to　the　lepers）；　and　he　came　often　to　　Honolulu。　　He　had　no　hand　in　the　reforms　and　improvements　　inaugurated；　which　were　the　work　of　our　Board　of　Health；　as　　occasion　required　and　means　were　provided。　　He　was　not　a　pure　　man　in　his　relations　with　women；　and　the　leprosy　of　which　he　　died　should　be　attributed　to　his　vices　and　carelessness。　　　Others　have　done　much　for　the　lepers；　our　own　ministers；　the　　government　physicians；　and　so　forth；　but　never　with　the　　Catholic　idea　of　meriting　eternal　life。　…　Yours；　etc。；
  'C。　M。　HYDE。'　（1）
  To　deal　fitly　with　a　letter　so　extraordinary；　I　must　draw　at　　the　outset　on　my　private　knowledge　of　the　signatory　and　his　　sect。　　It　may　offend　others；　scarcely　you；　who　have　been　so　　busy　to　collect；　so　bold　to　publish；　gossip　on　your　rivals。　　　And　this　is　perhaps　the　moment　when　I　may　best　explain　to　you　　the　character　of　what　you　are　to　read：　I　conceive　you　as　a　　man　quite　beyond　and　below　the　reticences　of　civility：　with　　what　measure　you　mete；　with　that　shall　it　be　measured　you　　again；　with　you；　at　last；　I　rejoice　to　feel　the　button　off　　the　foil　and　to　plunge　home。　　And　if　in　aught　that　I　shall　　say　I　should　offend　others；　your　colleagues；　whom　I　respect　　and　remember　with　affection；　I　can　but　offer　them　my　regret；　　I　am　not　free；　I　am　inspired　by　the　consideration　of　　interests　far　more　large；　and　such　pain　as　can　be　inflicted　　by　anything　from　me　must　be　indeed　trifling　when　compared　　with　the　pain　with　which　they　read　your　letter。　　It　is　not　　the　hangman；　but　the　criminal；　that　brings　dishonour　on　the　　house。
  You　belong；　sir；　to　a　sect　…　I　believe　my　sect；　and　that　in　　which　my　ancestors　laboured　…　which　has　enjoyed；　and　partly　　failed　to　utilise；　an　exceptional　advantage　in　the　is