第 2 节
作者:瞎说呗      更新:2022-08-26 22:12      字数:9322
  they could show in attestation of their public services in numerous
  campaigns; the last of which had been against the Sabines; which
  they undertook upon a promise made by their rich creditors that they
  would treat them with more gentleness for the future; Marcus Valerius;
  the consul; having; by order from the senate; engaged also for the
  performance of it。 But when; after they had fought courageously and
  beaten the enemy; there was; nevertheless; no moderation or
  forbearance used; and the senate also professed to remember nothing of
  that agreement; and sat without testifying the least concern to see
  them dragged away like slaves and their goods seized upon as formerly;
  there began now to be open disorders and dangerous meetings in the
  city; and the enemy; also; aware of the popular confusion; invaded and
  laid waste the country。 And when the consuls now gave notice; that all
  who were of an age to bear arms should make their personal appearance;
  but found no one regard the summons; the members of the government;
  then coming to consult what course should be taken; were themselves
  again divided in opinion; some thought it most advisable to comply a
  little in favour of the poor; by relaxing their overstrained rights;
  and mitigating the extreme rigour of the law; while others withstood
  this proposal; Marcius in particular; with more vehemence than the
  rest; alleging that the business of money on either side was not the
  main thing in question; urged that this disorderly proceeding was
  but the first insolent step towards open revolt against the laws;
  which it would become the wisdom of the government to check at the
  earliest moment。
  There had been frequent assemblies of the whole senate; within a
  small compass of time; about this difficulty; but without any
  certain issue; the poor commonalty; therefore; perceiving there was
  likely to be no redress of their grievances; on a sudden collected
  in a body; and; encouraging each other in their resolution; forsook
  the city; with one accord; and seizing the hill which is now called
  the Holy Mount; sat down by the river Anio; without committing any
  sort of violence or seditious outrage; but merely exclaiming; as
  they went along; that they had this long time past been; in fact;
  expelled and excluded from the city by the cruelty of the rich; that
  Italy would everywhere afford them the benefit of air and water and
  a place of burial; which was all they could expect in the city; unless
  it were; perhaps; the privilege of being wounded and killed in time of
  war for the defence of their creditors。 The senate; apprehending the
  consequences; sent the most moderate and popular men of their own
  order to treat with them。
  Menenius Agrippa; their chief spokesman; after much entreaty to
  the people; and much plain…speaking on behalf of the senate;
  concluded; at length; with the celebrated fable。 〃It once happened;〃
  he said; 〃that all the other members of a man mutinied against the
  stomach; which they accused as the only idle; uncontributing part
  the whole body; while the rest were put to hardships and the expense
  of much labour to supply and minister to its appetites。 The stomach;
  however; merely ridiculed the silliness of the members; who appeared
  not to be aware that the stomach certainly does receive the general
  nourishment; but only to return it again; and redistribute it
  amongst the rest。 Such is the case;〃 he said; 〃ye citizens; between
  you and the senate。 The counsels and plans that are there duly
  digested; convey and secure to all of you your proper benefit and
  support。〃
  A reconciliation ensued; the senate acceding to the request of the
  people for the annual election of five protectors for those in need of
  succour; the same that are now called the tribunes of the people;
  and the first two they pitched upon were Junius Brutus and Sicinnius
  Vellutus; their leaders in the secession。
  The city being thus united; the commons stood presently to their
  arms; and followed their commanders to the war with great alacrity。 As
  for Marcius; though he was not a little vexed himself to see the
  populace prevail so far; and gain ground of the senators; and might
  observe many other patricians have the same dislike of the late
  concessions; he yet besought them not to yield at least to the
  common people in the zeal and forwardness they now showed for their
  country's service; but to prove that they were superior to them; not
  so much in power and riches; as in merit and worth。
  The Romans were now at war with the Volscian nation; whose principal
  city was Corioli; when; therefore; Cominius the consul had invested
  this important place; the rest of the Volscians; fearing it would be
  taken; mustered up whatever force they could from all parts; to
  relieve it; designing to give the Romans battle before the city; and
  so attack them on both sides。 Cominius; to avoid this inconvenience;
  divided his army; marching himself with one body to encounter the
  Volscians on their approach from without and leaving Titus Lartius;
  one of the bravest Romans of his time; to command the other and
  continue the siege。 Those within Corioli; despising now the
  smallness of their number; made a sally upon them; and prevailed at
  first; and pursued the Romans into their trenches。 Here it was that
  Marcius; flying out with a slender company; and cutting those in
  pieces that first engaged him; obliged the other assailants to slacken
  their speed; and then; with loud cries; called upon the Romans to
  renew the battle。 For he had; what Cato thought a great point in a
  soldier; not only strength of hand and stroke; but also a voice and
  look that of themselves were a terror to an enemy。 Divers of his own
  party now rallying and making up to him; the enemies soon retreated;
  but Marcius; not content to see them draw off and retire; pressed hard
  upon the rear; and drove them; as they fled away in haste; to the very
  gates of their city; where; perceiving the Romans to fall back from
  their pursuit; beaten off by the multitude of darts poured in upon
  them from the walls; and that none of his followers had the
  hardiness to think of falling in pell…mell among the fugitives and
  so entering a city full of enemies in arms; he; nevertheless; stood
  and urged them to the attempt; crying out; that fortune had now set
  open Corioli; not so much to shelter the vanquished; as to receive the
  conquerors。 Seconded by a few that were willing to venture with him;
  he bore along through the crowd; made good his passage; and thrust
  himself into the gate through the midst of them; nobody at first
  daring to resist him。 But when the citizens on looking about saw
  that a very small number had entered; they now took courage; and
  came up and attacked them。 A combat ensued of the most extraordinary
  description; in which Marcius; by strength of hand; and swiftness of
  foot; and daring of soul; overpowering every one that he assailed;
  succeeded in driving the enemy to seek refuge; for the most part; in
  the interior of the town; while those remaining submitted; and threw
  down their arms; thus affording Lartius abundant opportunity to
  bring in the rest of the Romans with ease and safety。
  Corioli being thus surprised and taken; the greater part of the
  soldiers employed themselves in spoiling and pillaging it; while
  Marcius indignantly reproached them; and exclaimed that it was a
  dishonourable and unworthy thing; when the consul and their
  Fellow…citizens had now perhaps encountered the other Volscians; and
  were hazarding their lives in battle; basely to misspend the time in
  running up and down for booty; and; under a pretence of enriching
  themselves; keep out of danger。 Few paid him any attention; but;
  putting himself at the head of these; he took the road by which the
  consul's army had marched before him; encouraging his companions;
  and beseeching them; as they went along; not to give up; and praying
  often to the gods; too; that he might be so happy as to arrive
  before the fight was over; and come seasonably up to assist
  Cominius; and partake in the peril of the action。
  It was customary with the Romans of that age; when they were
  moving into battle array; and were on the point of taking up their
  bucklers; and girding their coats about them; to make at the same time
  an unwritten will; or verbal testament; and to name who should be
  their heirs; in the hearing of three or four witnesses。 In this
  precise posture Marcius found them at his arrival; the enemy being
  advanced within view。
  They were not a little disturbed by his first appearance; seeing him
  covered with blood and sweat; and attended with a small train; but
  when he hastily made up to the consul with gladness in his looks;
  giving him his hand; and recounting to him how the city had been
  taken; and when they saw Cominius also embrace and salute him; every
  one took fresh heart; those that were near enough hearing; and those
  that were at a distance guessing; what had happened; and all cried out
  to be led to battle。 First; however; Marcius desired to know of him
  how the Volscians had arrayed their army and where they had placed
  their best men and on his answering that he took the troops of the
  Antiates in the centre to