were　driven　back。
  At　the　crisis　of　the　battle；　Longstreet；　who　had　marched　all　night；
  appeared　upon　the　ground；　drove　back　Hancock's　men；　and　was　on
  the　point　of　aiding　the　Confederates　in　a　decisive　attack　upon　the
  enemy；　when；　riding　rapidly　forward　into　the　wood　to　reconnoiter；
  he　was；　like　Jackson；　struck　down　by　the　fire　of　his　own　men。　　He
  was　carried　to　the　rear　desperately；　and　it　was　feared　for　a　time
  morally　wounded；　and　his　loss　paralyzed　the　movement　which　lie
  had　prepared。　　Nevertheless　during　the　whole　day　the　fight　went　on
  with　varying　success；　sometimes　one　side　obtaining　a　slight
  advantage；　the　other　then　regaining　the　ground　they　had　lost。
  Just　as　evening　was　closing　in　a　Georgia　brigade；　with　two　other
  regiments；　made　a　detour；　and　fell　furiously　upon　two　brigades　of
  the　enemy；　and　drove　them　back　in　headlong　rout　for　a　mile　and　a
  half；　capturing　their　two　generals　and　many　prisoners。　　The
  artillery；　as　on　the　previous　day；　had　been　little　used　on　either　side；
  the　work　being　done　at　short　range　with　the　rifle；　the　loss　being
  much　heavier　among　the　thick　masses　of　the　Northerners　than　in
  the　thinner　lines　of　the　Confederates。　　Grant　had　failed　in　his
  efforts　to　turn　Lee's　right　and　to　accomplish　his　direct　advance；　he
  therefore　changed　his　base　and　moved　his　army　round　toward
  Spotsylvania。
  Lee　soon　perceived　his　object；　and　succeeded　in　carrying　his　army
  to　Spotsylvania　before　the　Federals　reached　it。
  On　the　afternoon　of　Monday；　the　9th；　there　was　heavy　fighting　and
  on　the　10th　another　pitched　battle　took　place。　This　time　the　ground
  was　more　open；　and　the　artillery　was　employed　with　terrible　effect
  on　both　sides。　　It　ended；　however；　as　the　previous　battles　had　done；
  by　the　Confederates　holding　their　ground。
  Upon　the　next　day　there　was　but　little　fighting。　　In　the　night　the
  Federals　moved　quietly　though　the　wood；　and　at　daybreak　four
  divisions　fell　upon　Johnston's　division　of　Ewell's　corps；　took　them
  completely　by　surprise；　and　captured　the　greater　part　of　them。
  But　Lee's　veterans　soon　recovered　from　their　surprise　and
  maintained　their　position　until　noon。　　Then　the　whole　Federal　army
  advanced；　and　the　battle　raged　till　nightfall　terminated　the
  struggle；　leaving　Lee　in　possession　of　the　whole　line　lie　had　held；
  with　the　exception　of　the　ground　lost　in　the　morning。
  For　the　next　six　days　the　armies　faced　each　other；　worn　out　by
  incessant　fighting；　and　prevented　from　moving　by　the　heavy　rain
  which　fell　incessantly。　　They　were　now　able　to　reckon　up　the
  losses。　　The　Federals　found　that　they　had　lost；　in　killed；　wounded；
  or　missing；　nearly　30；000　men；　while　Lee's　army　was　diminished
  by　about　12；000。
  While　these　mighty　battles　had　been　raging　the　Federal　cavalry
  under　Sheridan　had　advanced　rapidly　forward；　and；　after　several
  skirmishes　with　Stuart's　cavalry；　penetrated　within　the　outer
  intrenchments　round　Richmond。　　Here　Stuart　with　two　regiments
  of　cavalry　charged　them　and　drove　them　back；　but　the　gallant
  Confederate　officer　received　a　wound　that　before　night　proved
  fatal。　　His　loss　was　a　terrible　blow　to　the　Confederacy；　although　his
  successor　in　the　command　of　the　cavalry；　General　Wade　Hampton；
  was　also　an　officer　of　the　highest　merit。
  In　the　meantime　General　Butler；　who　had　at　Fort　Monroe　under　his
  command　two　corps　of　infantry；　4；000　cavalry；　and　a　fleet　of
  gunboats　and　transports；　was　threat　cuing　Richmond　from　the　east。
  Shipping　his　men　on　board　the　transports　he　steamed　up　the　James
  River；　under　convoy　of　the　fleet；　and　landed　on　a　neck　of　land
  known　as　Bermuda　Hundred。　　To　oppose　him　all　the　troops　from
  North　Carolina　had　been　brought　up；　the　whole　force　amounting　to
  19；000　men；　under　the　command　of　General　Beauregard。　　Butler；
  after　various　futile　movements；　was　driven　back　again　to　his
  intrenched　camp　at　Bermuda　Hundred；　where　he　was　virtually
  besieged　by　Beauregard　with　10；000　men；　the　rest　of　that　general's
  force　being　sent　up　to　reinforce　Lee。
  In　western　Virginia；　Breckenridge；　with　3；500　men；　was　called
  upon　to　hold　in　check　Sigel；　with　15；000　men。　Advancing　to
  Staunton；　Breckenridge　was　joined　by　the　pupils　of　the　military
  college　at　Lexington；　250　in　number；　lads　of　from　14　to　17　years　of
  age。　　He　came　upon　Sigel　on　the　line　of　march；　and　attacked　him　at
  once。　　The　Federal　general　placed　a　battery　in　a　wood　and　opened
  fire　with　grape。　　The　commander　of　the　Lexington　boys　ordered
  them　to　charge；　and；　gallantly　rushing　in　through　the　heavy　fire；
  they　charged　in　among　the　guns；　killed　the　artillerymen；　drove
  back　the　infantry　supports；　and　bayoneted　their　colonel。　　The
  Federals　now　retired　down　the　valley　to　Strasburg；　and
  Breckenridge　was　able　to　send　a　portion　of　his　force　to　aid　Lee　in
  his　great　struggle。
  After　his　six　days'　pause　in　front　of　Lee's　position　at　Spotsylvania；
  Grant　abandoned　his　plan　of　forcing　his　way　through　Lee's　army　to
  Richmond；　and　endeavored　to　outflank　it；　but　Lee　again　divined
  his　object；　and　moved　round　and　still　faced　him。　　After　various
  movements　the　armies　again　stood　face　to　face　upon　the　old
  battle…grounds　on　the　Chickahominy。　　On　the　3d　of　June　the　battle
  commenced　at　half…past　four　in　the　morning。　　Hancock　at　first
  gained　an　advantage；　but　Hill's　division　dashed　down　upon　him
  and　drove　him　back　with　great　slaughter；　while　no　advantage　was
  gained　by　them　in　other　parts　of　the　field。　The　Federal　loss　on　this
  day　was　13；000；　and　the　troops　were　so　dispirited　that　they　refused
  to　renew　the　battle　in　the　afternoon。
  Grant　then　determined　to　alter　his　plan　altogether；　and　sending
  imperative　orders　to　Butler　to　obtain　possession　of　Petersburg；
  embarked　Smith's　corps　in　transports；　and　moved　with　the　rest　of
  his　army　to　join　that　general　there。　Smith's　corps　entered　the　James
  River；　landed；　and　marched　against　Petersburg。　　Beauregard　had　at
  Petersburg　only　two　infantry　and　two　cavalry　regiments　under
  General　Wise；　while　a　single　brigade　fronted　Butler　at　Bermuda
  Hundred。　　With　this　handful　of　men　he　was　called　upon　to　defend
  Petersburg　and　to　keep　Butler　bottled　up　in　Bermuda　Hundred
  until　help　could　reach　him　from　Lee。　　He　telegraphed　to　Richmond
  for　all　the　assistance　that　could　be　sent　to　him；　and　was　reinforced
  by　a　brigade；　which　arrived　just　in　time；　for　Smith　had　already
  captured　a　portion　of　the　intrenchments；　but　was　now　driven　out。
  The　next　day　Beauregard　was　attacked　both　by　Smith's　and
  Hancock's　corps；　which　had　now　arrived。　　With　8；000　men　he　kept
  at　bay　the　assaults　of　two　whole　army　corps；　having　in　the
  meantime　sent　orders　to　Gracie；　the　officer　in　command　of　the
  brigade　before　Butler；　to　leave　a　few　sentries　there　to　deceive　that
  general；　and　to　march　with　the　rest　of　his　force　to　his　aid。　　It
  arrived　at　a　critical　moment。　　Overwhelmed　by　vastly　superior
  numbers；　many　of　the　Confederates　had　left　their　posts；　and
  Breckenridge　was　in　vain　trying　to　rally　them　when　Gracie's
  brigade　came　up。　　The　position　was　reoccupied　and　the　battle
  continued。
  At　noon　Burnside　with　his　corps　arrived　and　joined　the　assailants；
  while　Butler；　discovering　at　last　that　the　troops　in　front　of　him
  were　withdrawn；　moved　out　and　barred　the　road　against
  reinforcements　from　Richmond。　　Nevertheless　the　Confederates
  held　their　ground　all　the　afternoon　and　until　eleven　o'clock　at
  night；　when　the　assault　ceased。
  At　midnight　Beauregard　withdrew　his　troops　from　the　defenses
  that　they　were　too　few　to　hold；　and　set　them　to　work　to　throw　up
  fresh　intrenchments　on　a　shorter　line　behind。　　All　night　the　men
  worked　with　their　bayonets；　canteens；　and　any　tools　that　came　to
  hand。
  It　was　well　for　them　that　the　enemy　were　so　exhausted　that　it　was
  noon　before　they　were　ready　to　advance　again；　for　by　this　time
  help　was　at　hand。　　Anderson；　who　had　succeeded　to　the　command
  of　Long　street's　corps；　and　was　leading　the　van　of　Lee's　army；
  forced　his　way　through　Butler's　troops　and　drove　him　back　into　the
  Bermuda　Hundred；　and　leaving　one　brigade　to　watch　him　marched
  with　another　into　Petersburg　just　as　the　attack　was　recommenced。
  Thus　reinforced　Beauregard　successfully　defeated　all　the　assaults
  of　the　enemy　until　night　fell。　　Another　Federal　army　corps　came　up
  before　morning；　and　the　assault　was　again　renewed；　but　the
  defenders；　who　had　strengthened　their　defenses　during　the　night；
  drove　their　assailants　back　with　terrible　loss。　　The　whole　of　Lee's
  army　now　arrived；　and　the　rest　of　Grant's　army　also　came　up；　and
  that　general　found　that　after　all　his　movements　his　way　to
  Richmond　was　barred　as　before。　　He　was　indeed　in　a　far　worse
  position　than　when　he　had　crossed　the　Rapidan；　for　the　morale　of
  his　army　was　much　injured　by　the　repeated　repulses　and　terrible
  losses　it　had　sustained。　The　new　recruits　that　had　been　sent　to　fill
  up　the　gaps　were　far　inferior　troops　to　those　with　which　he　had
  commenced　the　campaign。　　To　send　forward　such　men　a