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作者:莫莫言      更新:2022-08-21 16:32      字数:9322
  ALEXANDRIA AND HER SCHOOLS
  ALEXANDRIA AND
  HER SCHOOLS
  By Charles Kingsley
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  ALEXANDRIA AND HER SCHOOLS
  PREFACE
  I should not have presumed to choose for any lectures of mine such a
  subject as that which I have tried to treat in this book。              The subject was
  chosen   by   the   Institution   where   the   lectures   were   delivered。    Still   less
  should   I   have   presumed   to   print   them  of   my  own   accord;   knowing   how
  fragmentary and crude they are。           They were printed at the special request
  of   my   audience。     Least    of   all;   perhaps;   ought  I   to   have   presumed  to
  publish   them;   as   I   have   done;   at   Cambridge;   where   any   inaccuracy   or
  sciolism   (and   that   such   defects   exist   in   these   pages;   I   cannot   but   fear)
  would be instantly detected; and severely censured:                but nevertheless; it
  seemed to me that Cambridge was the fittest place in which they could see
  the light; because to Cambridge I mainly owe what little right method or
  sound thought may be found in them; or indeed; in anything which I have
  ever written。      In   the   heyday  of   youthful   greediness   and   ambition;  when
  the mind; dazzled by the vastness and variety of the universe; must needs
  know everything; or rather know about everything; at once and on the spot;
  too many are apt; as I have been in past years; to complain of Cambridge
  studies as too dry and narrow:           but as time teaches the student; year by
  year;   what   is   really   required   for   an   understanding   of   the   objects   with
  which he meets; he begins to find that his University; in as far as he has
  really received her teaching into himself; has given him; in her criticism;
  her   mathematics;   above   all;   in   Plato;   something   which   all   the   popular
  knowledge; the lectures and institutions of the day; and even good books
  themselves; cannot give; a boon more precious than learning; namely; the
  art of learning。      That instead of casting into his lazy lap treasures which
  he would not have known how to use; she has taught him to mine for them
  himself; and has by her wise refusal to gratify his intellectual greediness;
  excited his hunger; only that he may be the stronger to hunt and till for his
  own subsistence; and thus; the deeper he drinks; in after years; at fountains
  wisely forbidden to him while he was a Cambridge student; and sees his
  old    companions       growing      up   into   sound…headed       and    sound…hearted
  practical men; liberal and expansive; and yet with a firm standing… ground
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  ALEXANDRIA AND HER SCHOOLS
  for thought and action; he learns to complain less and less of Cambridge
  studies; and more and more of that   conceit and haste of his own;  which
  kept him from reaping the full advantage of her training。
  These Lectures; as I have said; are altogether crude and fragmentary
  how; indeed; could they be otherwise; dealing with so vast a subject; and
  so   long   a   period   of  time?    They   are   meant      neither   as   Essays   nor   as
  Orations;   but   simply   as   a   collection   of   hints   to   those   who   may   wish   to
  work out the subject for themselves; and; I trust; as giving some glimpses
  of a central idea; in the light of which the spiritual history of Alexandria;
  and    perhaps     of  other   countries    also;  may   be    seen   to  have    in  itself  a
  coherence and organic method。
  I   was   of   course   compelled;   by   the   circumstances   under   which   these
  Lectures were delivered; to keep clear of all points which are commonly
  called 〃controversial。〃        I cannot but feel that this was a gain; rather than a
  loss; because it forced me; if I wished to give any interpretation at all of
  Alexandrian thought; any Theodicy at all of her fate; to refer to laws which
  I cannot but believe to be deeper; wider; more truly eternal than the points
  which     cause    most    of  our   modern     controversies;      either   theological    or
  political; laws which will; I cannot but believe also; reassert themselves;
  and   have   to   be   reasserted   by  all   wise   teachers;  very  soon   indeed;   and   it
  may be under most novel embodiments; but without any change in their
  eternal spirit。
  For I may say; I hope; now (what if said ten years ago would have only
  excited laughter); that I cannot but subscribe to the opinion of the many
  wise men who believe that Europe; and England as an integral part thereof;
  is on the eve of a revolution; spiritual and political; as vast and awful as
  that   which   took   place   at   the   Reformation;   and   that;   beneficial   as   that
  revolution   will   doubtless   be   to   the   destinies   of   mankind   in   general;   it
  depends      upon    the   wisdom      and   courage     of   each   nation    individually;
  whether that   great   deluge   shall   issue;   as   the   Reformation   did;   in   a   fresh
  outgrowth of   European nobleness and strength   or usher   in; after   pitiable
  confusions       and    sorrows;      a   second     Byzantine      age    of   stereotyped
  effeminacy and imbecility。           For I have as little sympathy with those who
  prate so loudly of the progress of the species; and the advent of I know…
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  ALEXANDRIA AND HER SCHOOLS
  not…what   Cockaigne   of   universal   peace   and   plenty;   as   I   have   with   those
  who   believe   on   the   strength   of   〃unfulfilled   prophecy;〃   the   downfall   of
  Christianity; and the end of the human race to be at hand。                     Nevertheless;
  one may well believe that prophecy will be fulfilled in this great crisis; as
  it   is   in   every   great   crisis;   although   one   be   unable   to   conceive   by   what
  method   of   symbolism   the   drying   up   of   the   Euphrates   can   be   twisted   to
  signify the fall of Constantinople:             and one can well believe that a day of
  judgment is at hand; in which for every nation and institution; the wheat
  will   be   sifted   out   and   gathered   into   God's   garner;   for   the   use   of   future
  generations; and the chaff burnt up with that fire unquenchable which will
  try every man's work; without being of opinion that after a few more years
  are    over;    the   great   majority     of   the   human      race    will   be   consigned
  hopelessly to never…ending torments。
  If prophecy be indeed a divine message to man; if it be anything but a
  cabbala;   useless   either   to   the   simple…minded   or   to   the   logical;   intended
  only     for  the   plaything     of   a  few    devout    fancies;    it  must    declare    the
  unchangeable laws by which the unchangeable God is governing; and has
  always   governed;   the   human   race;   and   therefore   only   by   understanding
  what      has   happened;      can   we    understand      what     will   happen;     only    by
  understanding   history;  can   we  understand   prophecy;   and   that not   merely
  by picking outtoo often arbitrarily and unfairlya few names and dates
  from the records of all the ages; but by trying to discover its organic laws;
  and the causes which produce in nations; creeds; and systems; health and
  disease; growth; change; decay and death。                 If; in one small corner of this
  vast field; I shall have thrown a single ray of light upon these subjectsif I
  shall have done anything in these pages towards illustrating the pathology
  of   a   single   people;   I   shall   believe   that   I   have   done   better   service   to   the
  Catholic Faith and the Scriptures; than if I did really 〃know the times and
  the   seasons;   which   the   Father   has   kept   in   His   own   hand。〃      For   by   the
  former act I may have helped to make some one man more prudent and
  brave to see and to do what God requires of him; by the latter I could only
  add     to  that   paralysis    of   superstitious     fear;   which    is  already     but   too
  common among us; and but too likely to hinder us from doing our duty
  manfully against our real foes; whether it be pestilence at home or tyranny
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  ALEXANDRIA AND HER SCHOOLS
  abroad。
  These last words lead me to another subject; on which I am bound to
  say    a  few    words。     I  have;    at  the  end    of  these   Lectures;     made    some
  allusion     to   t