as　well　as　earnest　research；　is　concerned；　whom　England　has　ever
  seen；　was　the　Devonshire　squire；　Colonel　George　Montagu；　of　whom
  the　late　E。　Forbes　well　says；　that　〃had　he　been　educated　a
  physiologist〃　（and　not；　as　he　was；　a　soldier　and　a　sportsman）；　〃and
  made　the　study　of　Nature　his　aim　and　not　his　amusement；　his　would
  have　been　one　of　the　greatest　names　in　the　whole　range　of　British
  science。〃　　I　question；　nevertheless；　whether　he　would　not　have　lost
  more　than　he　would　have　gained　by　a　different　training。　　It　might
  have　made　him　a　more　learned　systematizer；　but　would　it　have
  quickened　in　him　that　〃seeing〃　eye　of　the　true　soldier　and
  sportsman；　which　makes　Montagu's　descriptions　indelible　word…
  pictures；　instinct　with　life　and　truth？　　〃There　is　no　question；〃
  says　E。　Forbes；　after　bewailing　the　vagueness　of　most　naturalists；
  〃about　the　identity　of　any　animal　Montagu　described。　。　。　。　He　was　a
  forward…looking　philosopher；　he　spoke　of　every　creature　as　if　one
  exceeding　like　it；　yet　different　from　it；　would　be　washed　up　by　the
  waves　next　tide。　　Consequently　his　descriptions　are　permanent。〃
  Scientific　men　will　recognize　in　this　the　highest　praise　which　can
  be　bestowed；　because　it　attributes　to　him　the　highest　faculty　…　The
  Art　of　Seeing；　but　the　study　and　the　book　would　not　have　given
  that。　　It　is　God's　gift　wheresoever　educated：　　but　its　true　school…
  room　is　the　camp　and　the　ocean；　the　prairie　and　the　forest；　active；
  self…helping　life；　which　can　grapple　with　Nature　herself：　　not
  merely　with　printed…books　about　her。　　Let　no　one　think　that　this
  same　Natural　History　is　a　pursuit　fitted　only　for　effeminate　or
  pedantic　men。　　I　should　say；　rather；　that　the　qualifications
  required　for　a　perfect　naturalist　are　as　many　and　as　lofty　as　were
  required；　by　old　chivalrous　writers；　for　the　perfect　knight…errant
  of　the　Middle　Ages：　　for　（to　sketch　an　ideal；　of　which　I　am　happy
  to　say　our　race　now　affords　many　a　fair　realization）　our　perfect
  naturalist　should　be　strong　in　body；　able　to　haul　a　dredge；　climb　a
  rock；　turn　a　boulder；　walk　all　day；　uncertain　where　he　shall　eat　or
  rest；　ready　to　face　sun　and　rain；　wind　and　frost；　and　to　eat　or
  drink　thankfully　anything；　however　coarse　or　meagre；　he　should　know
  how　to　swim　for　his　life；　to　pull　an　oar；　sail　a　boat；　and　ride　the
  first　horse　which　comes　to　hand；　and；　finally；　he　should　be　a
  thoroughly　good　shot；　and　a　skilful　fisherman；　and；　if　he　go　far
  abroad；　be　able　on　occasion　to　fight　for　his　life。
  For　his　moral　character；　he　must；　like　a　knight　of　old；　be　first　of
  all　gentle　and　courteous；　ready　and　able　to　ingratiate　himself　with
  the　poor；　the　ignorant；　and　the　savage；　not　only　because　foreign
  travel　will　be　often　otherwise　impossible；　but　because　he　knows　how
  much　invaluable　local　information　can　be　only　obtained　from
  fishermen；　miners；　hunters；　and　tillers　of　the　soil。　　Next；　he
  should　be　brave　and　enterprising；　and　withal　patient　and　undaunted；
  not　merely　in　travel；　but　in　investigation；　knowing　（as　Lord　Bacon
  might　have　put　it）　that　the　kingdom　of　Nature；　like　the　kingdom　of
  heaven；　must　be　taken　by　violence；　and　that　only　to　those　who　knock
  long　and　earnestly　does　the　great　mother　open　the　doors　of　her
  sanctuary。　　He　must　be　of　a　reverent　turn　of　mind　also；　not　rashly
  discrediting　any　reports；　however　vague　and　fragmentary；　giving　man
  credit　always　for　some　germ　of　truth；　and　giving　Nature　credit　for
  an　inexhaustible　fertility　and　variety；　which　will　keep　him　his
  life　long　always　reverent；　yet　never　superstitious；　wondering　at
  the　commonest；　but　not　surprised　by　the　most　strange；　free　from　the
  idols　of　size　and　sensuous　loveliness；　able　to　see　grandeur　in　the
  minutest　objects；　beauty；　in　the　most　ungainly；　estimating　each
  thing　not　carnally；　as　the　vulgar　do；　by　its　size　or　its
  pleasantness　to　the　senses；　but　spiritually；　by　the　amount　of
  Divine　thought　revealed　to　Man　therein；　holding　every　phenomenon
  worth　the　noting　down；　believing　that　every　pebble　holds　a
  treasure；　every　bud　a　revelation；　making　it　a　point　of　conscience
  to　pass　over　nothing　through　laziness　or　hastiness；　lest　the　vision
  once　offered　and　despised　should　be　withdrawn；　and　looking　at　every
  object　as　if　he　were　never　to　behold　it　again。
  Moreover；　he　must　keep　himself　free　from　all　those　perturbations　of
  mind　which　not　only　weaken　energy；　but　darken　and　confuse　the
  inductive　faculty；　from　haste　and　laziness；　from　melancholy；
  testiness；　pride；　and　all　the　passions　which　make　men　see　only　what
  they　wish　to　see。　　Of　solemn　and　scrupulous　reverence　for　truth；　of
  the　habit　of　mind　which　regards　each　fact　and　discovery；　not　as　our
  own　possession；　but　as　the　possession　of　its　Creator；　independent
  of　us；　our　tastes；　our　needs；　or　our　vain…glory；　I　hardly　need　to
  speak；　for　it　is　the　very　essence　of　a　nature's　faculty　…　the　very
  tenure　of　his　existence：　　and　without　truthfulness　science　would　be
  as　impossible　now　as　chivalry　would　have　been　of　old。
  And　last；　but　not　least；　the　perfect　naturalist　should　have　in　him
  the　very　essence　of　true　chivalry；　namely；　self…devotion；　the
  desire　to　advance；　not　himself　and　his　own　fame　or　wealth；　but
  knowledge　and　mankind。　　He　should　have　this　great　virtue；　and　in
  spite　of　many　shortcomings　（for　what　man　is　there　who　liveth　and
  sinneth　not？）；　naturalists　as　a　class　have　it　to　a　degree　which
  makes　them　stand　out　most　honourably　in　the　midst　of　a　self…seeking
  and　mammonite　generation；　inclined　to　value　everything　by　its　money
  price；　its　private　utility。　　The　spirit　which　gives　freely；　because
  it　knows　that　it　has　received　freely；　which　communicates　knowledge
  without　hope　of　reward；　without　jealousy　and　rivalry；　to　fellow…
  students　and　to　the　world；　which　is　content　to　delve　and　toil
  comparatively　unknown；　that　from　its　obscure　and　seemingly
  worthless　results　others　may　derive　pleasure；　and　even　build　up
  great　fortunes；　and　change　the　very　face　of　cities　and　lands；　by
  the　practical　use　of　some　stray　talisman　which　the　poor　student　has
  invented　in　his　laboratory；　…　this　is　the　spirit　which　is　abroad
  among　our　scientific　men；　to　a　greater　degree　than　it　ever　has　been
  among　any　body　of　men　for　many　a　century　past；　and　might　well　be
  copied　by　those　who　profess　deeper　purposes　and　a　more　exalted
  calling；　than　the　discovery　of　a　new　zoophyte；　or　the
  classification　of　a　moorland　crag。
  And　it　is　these　qualities；　however　imperfectly　they　may　be　realized
  in　any　individual　instance；　which　make　our　scientific　men；　as　a
  class；　the　wholesomest　and　pleasantest　of　companions　abroad；　and　at
  home　the　most　blameless；　simple；　and　cheerful；　in　all　domestic
  relations；　men　for　the　most　part　of　manful　heads；　and　yet　of
  childlike　hearts；　who　have　turned　to　quiet　study；　in　these　late
  piping　times　of　peace；　an　intellectual　health　and　courage　which
  might　have　made　them；　in　more　fierce　and　troublous　times；　capable
  of　doing　good　service　with　very　different　instruments　than　the
  scalpel　and　the　microscope。
  I　have　been　sketching　an　ideal：　　but　one　which　I　seriously
  recommend　to　the　consideration　of　all　parents；　for；　though　it　be
  impossible　and　absurd　to　wish　that　every　young　man　should　grow　up　a
  naturalist　by　profession；　yet　this　age　offers　no　more　wholesome
  training；　both　moral　and　intellectual；　than　that　which　is　given　by
  instilling　into　the　young　an　early　taste　for　outdoor　physical
  science。　　The　education　of　our　children　is　now　more　than　ever　a
  puzzling　problem；　if　by　education　we　mean　the　development　of　the
  whole　humanity；　not　merely　of　some　arbitrarily　chosen　part　of　it。
  How　to　feed　the　imagination　with　wholesome　food；　and　teach　it　to
  despise　French　novels；　and　that　sugared　slough　of　sentimental
  poetry；　in　comparison　with　which　the　old　fairy…tales　and　ballads
  were　manful　and　rational；　how　to　counteract　the　tendency　to
  shallowed　and　conceited　sciolism；　engendered　by　hearing　popular
  lectures　on　all　manner　of　subjects；　which　can　only　be　really　learnt
  by　stern　methodic　study；　how　to　give　habits　of　enterprise；
  patience；　accurate　observation；　which　the　counting…house　or　the
  library　will　never　bestow；　above　all；　how　to　develop　the　physical
  powers；　without　engendering　brutality　and　coarseness　…　are
  questions　becoming　daily　more　and　more　puzzling；　while　they　need
  daily　more　and　more　to　be　solved；　in　an　age　of　enterprise；　travel；
  and　emigration；　like　the　present。　　For　the　truth　must　be　told；　that
  the　great　majority　of　men　who　are　now　distinguished　by　commercial
  success；　have　had　a　training　the　directly　opposite　to　that　which
  they　are　giving　to　their　sons。　　They　are　for　the　most　part　men　who
  have　migrated　from　the　country　to　the　town；　and　had　in　their　youth
  all　the　advantages　of　a　sturdy　and　manful　hill…side　or　sea…side
  training；　men　whose　bodies　were　developed；　and　their　lungs　fed　on
  pure　breezes；　long